مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	روش‌های ترکیبی عمل‌گرایانه با رویکرد ارزیابی‌محور	پژوهش عملیاتی	ارزیابی برنامه
حوزه	طراحی پژوهش	پژوهش کیفی	روش‌های میدانی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990s–2000s	1946	1960s–1970s (Scriven 1967; Stufflebeam CIPP model 1971)
پدیدآور	Jennifer C. Greene; Abbas Tashakkori & Charles Teddlie	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Michael Scriven; Daniel Stufflebeam; Peter Rossi
نوع	Mixed methods research design	Method	Applied evaluation methodology
منبع بنیادین	Greene, J. C. (2007). Mixed Methods in Social Inquiry. Jossey-Bass. ISBN: 978-0787984090	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach (7th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761908944
نام‌های دیگر	pragmatic evaluation mixed methods, program evaluation mixed methods, applied pragmatic mixed methods, mixed methods program evaluation	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	evaluation research, program assessment, educational evaluation, systematic program evaluation
مرتبط	2	1	3
خلاصه	Evaluation-oriented pragmatic mixed methods is a research design that combines quantitative and qualitative data collection within a pragmatist philosophical stance, expressly to evaluate programs, policies, or interventions. Rather than adhering rigidly to a single paradigm, it selects methods for their fitness to answer evaluation questions about program effectiveness, outcomes, and stakeholder experiences. The design is widely applied in education, public health, social services, and development evaluation contexts.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Program evaluation is a systematic, empirically grounded process of collecting and analyzing information about a program to determine its merit, worth, or significance. Applied across education, public health, social services, and policy, it addresses questions such as whether a program is reaching its target population, whether it is being implemented as designed, and whether it is producing the intended outcomes. It draws on both quantitative and qualitative methods and serves accountability, improvement, or knowledge-generation purposes.