مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Ethnographic Mapping	Free Listing
حوزه	Anthropology	Anthropology
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2017	1988
پدیدآور	Ethnographic fieldwork tradition (codified by Bernard)	Cognitive anthropology tradition (formalized by Weller & Romney; Borgatti)
نوع	Field procedure for documenting a community's physical and social space	Elicitation procedure for the items and salience of a cultural domain
منبع بنیادین	Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN: 9780759112421	Weller, S. C., & Romney, A. K. (1988). Systematic Data Collection. Qualitative Research Methods Series 10. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. ISBN: 9780803930742
نام‌های دیگر	Community Mapping, Sketch Mapping, Spatial Ethnography, Field Mapping	Free Lists, Free-List Task, Free Recall Listing, Freelisting
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Ethnographic mapping is a fieldwork technique in which the researcher — rather than the participants — systematically records a community's physical and social space: the layout of households, the placement of resources such as wells, markets, and fields, the boundaries people recognize, and the routine paths along which people and goods move. Sketch maps drawn in the field and georeferenced coordinates captured with GPS are treated as primary ethnographic data, not mere illustration. The resulting map anchors observation, sampling, and interpretation in the concrete geography of social life.	Free listing is a foundational elicitation technique in cognitive anthropology in which informants are asked to name, in any order, all the items they can think of that belong to a cultural domain — for example 'all the kinds of fruit' or 'all the things that can give you a cold.' Aggregating these lists reveals both the content of the domain (which items belong) and the salience of each item (how culturally central it is), inferred from how frequently and how early it is mentioned.