مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Ethnocentrism Scale	مقیاس جهت‌گیری سلطه اجتماعی
حوزه	روان‌شناسی سیاسی	روان‌شناسی اجتماعی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2001	1994
پدیدآور	James W. Neuliep & James C. McCroskey	Felicia Pratto, Jim Sidanius, Lisa Stallworth, and Bertram Malle
نوع	Self-report attitude scale	Self-report Likert scale
منبع بنیادین	Neuliep, J. W. (2002). Assessing the reliability and validity of the Generalized Ethnocentrism Scale. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 31(4), 201-215.	Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social Dominance Orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741–763.
نام‌های دیگر	GENE Scale, Ethnocentrism Scale, Generalized Ethnocentrism Scale	SDO
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Generalized Ethnocentrism (GENE) Scale, developed by Neuliep and McCroskey, is a self-report instrument measuring ethnocentrism: the tendency to view one's own group as the center of the social universe and to judge other groups by its standards, with corresponding ingroup preference and outgroup derogation. In political science, the ethnocentrism construct was given prominence by Kinder and Kam's (2009) Us Against Them, which uses survey-based ethnocentrism measures to explain American policy opinion.	The Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SDO) is a self-report measure developed by Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, and Malle in 1994 to assess individual differences in preference for group-based hierarchy and inequality. The scale measures the extent to which individuals support dominance of some groups over others, reject egalitarianism, and accept hierarchical social organization. It has become central to social dominance theory and is widely used in political psychology and intergroup relations research.