مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	ارزیابی اثرات زیست‌محیطی	طراحی زیرساخت سبز
حوزه	مهندسی محیط زیست	مهندسی محیط زیست
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1970	2000
پدیدآور	U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)	Urban planners and landscape architects
نوع	systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline	integrated design and planning pipeline
منبع بنیادین	Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910	Freeman, R. C. (2005). Green Infrastructure: Intelligent Landscapes for the Twenty-First Century. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415772662
نام‌های دیگر	EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment	GI design, natural infrastructure, nature-based solutions, ecosystem-based adaptation
مرتبط	4	3
خلاصه	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.	Green infrastructure (GI) design is the planning and implementation of natural or nature-based systems (vegetation, soils, water bodies) integrated into urban environments to provide multiple ecosystem services: stormwater management, air quality improvement, heat island mitigation, biodiversity habitat, recreation, and social well-being. Emerged in the 2000s as a sustainability paradigm, green infrastructure combines landscape design, hydrology, ecology, and urban planning to create multifunctional spaces that serve practical and aesthetic goals.