مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Energy Cultures Framework	Attitude-Behavior-Context Model (ABC)
حوزه	Environmental Sociology	Environmental Sociology
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سال پیدایش	2010	1995
پدیدآور	Janet Stephenson and colleagues (University of Otago)	Gregory Guagnano, Paul C. Stern & Thomas Dietz
نوع	Interdisciplinary framework linking norms, practices, and material culture	Interaction model of behavior from attitudes and context
منبع بنیادین	Stephenson, J., Barton, B., Carrington, G., Gnoth, D., Lawson, R., & Thorsnes, P. (2010). Energy cultures: A framework for understanding energy behaviours. Energy Policy, 38(10), 6120-6129.	Guagnano, G. A., Stern, P. C., & Dietz, T. (1995). Influences on Attitude-Behavior Relationships: A Natural Experiment with Curbside Recycling. Environment and Behavior, 27(5), 699-718.
نام‌های دیگر	Energy Cultures Model, Stephenson Energy Cultures Framework, Norms-Material-Practices Energy Framework, Energy Behaviour Cultures Approach	ABC Theory, Attitude-Behavior-Context Framework, Guagnano-Stern-Dietz Model, A-B-C Interaction Model
مرتبط	4	3
خلاصه	The Energy Cultures Framework is an interdisciplinary tool for understanding why people, households, and organizations use energy as they do, and how that behaviour might change. Developed by Janet Stephenson and colleagues at the University of Otago and published in Energy Policy in 2010, it models energy behaviour as the dynamic interaction of three elements: cognitive norms (what actors believe and expect about energy), energy practices (what they actually do), and material culture (the technologies, buildings, and appliances they possess). These three reinforce one another, tending to lock an actor into a stable 'energy culture,' and they are shaped by external influences such as prices, policy, infrastructure, and markets that lie beyond the actor's immediate control. The framework was designed as a pragmatic bridge between psychological models that emphasize attitudes and sociological practice theories that emphasize routines and materials. Its purpose is both to explain entrenched energy behaviour and to identify where interventions can break a self-reinforcing pattern. It is widely used in energy-policy and behaviour-change research.	The attitude-behavior-context (ABC) framework explains environmentally significant behavior as the joint product of internal attitudes and external contextual conditions, and crucially as their interaction rather than their sum. Gregory Guagnano, Paul Stern, and Thomas Dietz proposed it in 1995 using a natural experiment on curbside recycling, and Stern incorporated it into his 2000 theory of environmentally significant behavior. The core claim is that attitudes most strongly drive behavior when external conditions are neutral — neither strongly enabling nor strongly blocking the action — and that when context is overwhelmingly favorable or prohibitive, behavior is determined by the context regardless of attitude. Providing recycling bins, for example, raises recycling so much that pro-environmental attitudes add little, while in the absence of any collection even strong attitudes cannot produce the behavior. The framework reconciles the often weak and inconsistent attitude-behavior correlations in environmental research by treating context as a moderator. It is typically estimated as an interaction regression and complements value-belief-norm theory.