مقایسهٔ روشها
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| مطالعه موردی تو در تو× | پژوهش عملیاتی× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه≠ | کیفی | پژوهش کیفی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1984–1995 (Yin's foundational editions; Stake 1995) | 1946 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Robert K. Yin (systematic case study design); Robert E. Stake (naturalistic tradition) | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury |
| نوع≠ | Qualitative research method | Method |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169 | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | embedded single-case design, multiple-unit case study, nested case study, embedded unit analysis | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry |
| مرتبط≠ | 6 | 1 |
| خلاصه≠ | An embedded case study is a case study design in which one or more units of analysis are nested within a single overarching case. Rather than treating the case as a single, holistic entity, the researcher deliberately examines multiple sub-units — such as departments within an organisation, classrooms within a school, or programmes within a hospital — to build a richer, more nuanced understanding of the phenomenon under study. Formalised by Robert K. Yin, the design is contrasted with the holistic single-case study and with multi-case (multiple-case) designs. | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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