مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	استخراج فلزات با روش الکترووینینگ	نمودار اِلیگام	قلیائیت سرباره
حوزه	مهندسی معدن	مهندسی معدن	مهندسی معدن
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1890	1944	1950
پدیدآور	Industrial Electrometallurgy Practice	Harold Jeffrey Torreyson Ellingham	Pyrometallurgical Practice
نوع	Electrochemical metal extraction and purification	Gibbs free energy diagram for high-temperature reactions	Slag composition parameter for controlling roast/smelt conditions
منبع بنیادین	Habashi, F. (2011). Electrometallurgy: principles, processes and materials. Metallurgical Transactions, 29(7), 1569-1589.	Ellingham, H. J. T. (1944). Reducibility of oxides and sulfides. Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, 63(5), 125-160.	Barnes, J. F., Edwards, C. C., & Sims, R. L. (2010). Copper smelting and refining: pyrometallurgical fundamentals. JOM, 52(12), 38-43.
نام‌های دیگر	Electrodeposition, Electrolytic Extraction	Gibbs Free Energy Diagram, High-Temperature Reduction Diagram	Basicity Index, Slag Chemistry Parameter
مرتبط	3	3	3
خلاصه	Electrowinning is an electrochemical process that extracts and refines metals from dilute leaching solutions by passing electric current through an electrolytic cell. Metal ions migrate to the cathode (negative electrode) and are reduced to pure metal, while impurities remain in solution. This process is essential for copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, and gold refining, producing metals of exceptional purity.	The Ellingham Diagram, introduced by Harold Ellingham in 1944, is a graphical representation of the Gibbs free energy change for oxide formation and reduction as a function of temperature. It is an essential tool for predicting the thermodynamic feasibility of ore reduction and selecting appropriate reducing agents and temperatures for smelting and roasting operations.	Slag basicity is a measure of the composition of slag formed during smelting and roasting operations. It is typically expressed as the ratio of basic oxides (CaO, MgO) to acidic oxides (SiO2). Basicity controls slag fluidity, viscosity, and reactivity, directly affecting metal recovery, processing temperature, and product quality. It is a critical parameter in copper, nickel, and lead smelting.