مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقدار اقتصادی سفارش (EOQ)	مدل فروشنده روزنامه	مدل‌های موجودی ایمنی و نقطه سفارش مجدد
حوزه	پژوهش عملیات	پژوهش عملیات	پژوهش عملیات
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1913	1951	1998
پدیدآور	Ford W. Harris	Arrow, Harris & Marschak	Silver, Pyke & Peterson
نوع	Deterministic inventory optimization model	Stochastic single-period inventory optimization	Stochastic inventory control model
منبع بنیادین	Harris, F. W. (1913/1990). How many parts to make at once. Operations Research, 38(6), 947–950 (reprint).	Arrow, K. J., Harris, T., & Marschak, J. (1951). Optimal inventory policy. Econometrica, 19(3), 250–272.	Silver, E. A., Pyke, D. F., & Peterson, R. (1998). Inventory Management and Production Planning and Scheduling (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-11947-0
نام‌های دیگر	Wilson EOQ Model, Harris-Wilson Model, Optimal Lot Size Model, Ekonomik Sipariş Miktarı	Newsboy Model, Single-Period Inventory Model, Christmas Tree Problem, Gazete Satıcısı Modeli	Buffer Stock, Reserve Stock, Reorder-Point Model, Emniyet Stoğu
مرتبط	3	3	3
خلاصه	The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a classic deterministic inventory model that identifies the order quantity minimizing the sum of annual ordering and holding costs. Introduced by Ford W. Harris in 1913 and later popularized by R. H. Wilson, EOQ assumes constant demand, fixed cost parameters, and instantaneous replenishment. It remains the foundational benchmark for inventory management in manufacturing, retail, and supply chain contexts where demand is relatively stable and costs are well-characterized.	The Newsvendor Model is a single-period stochastic inventory optimization framework that determines the profit-maximizing order quantity when demand is uncertain and unsold units cannot be carried forward. Formally introduced by Arrow, Harris, and Marschak (1951) in their foundational work on optimal inventory policy, the model balances the cost of ordering too much (overage) against the cost of ordering too little (underage) to yield a closed-form optimality condition known as the critical ratio.	Safety stock is an additional quantity of inventory held beyond expected demand during a replenishment lead time, designed to protect against stockouts caused by demand or supply uncertainty. Reorder-point models formalize this buffer by setting a trigger inventory level at which a new order is placed. Systematically developed within the stochastic inventory-control framework by Silver, Pyke, and Peterson (1998), the approach translates a desired customer-service level into a precise buffer quantity using the statistics of demand and lead-time variability.