مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نمونه‌گیری مضاعف	تحلیل ترتیبی (طرح ترتیبی گروهی)
حوزه	نمونه‌گیری	آمار
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1938	1977
پدیدآور	Jerzy Neyman	P. C. O'Brien & T. R. Fleming; P. C. Pocock
نوع	Multi-phase sampling design	Sequential / adaptive hypothesis test
منبع بنیادین	Neyman, J. (1938). Contribution to the theory of sampling human populations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 33(201), 101–116.	O'Brien, P.C. & Fleming, T.R. (1979). A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials. Biometrics, 35(3), 549–556.
نام‌های دیگر	Two-Phase Sampling	sequential testing, group sequential design, interim analysis, Sıralı Analiz (Sequential Testing / Group Sequential Design)
مرتبط	4	5
خلاصه	Double Sampling (also called two-phase or multistage sampling) is a survey design in which a large preliminary sample is collected using inexpensive methods or partial information, then a smaller subsample is drawn from it and measured in detail. Pioneered by Jerzy Neyman in 1938, it is particularly useful when a cheap surrogate measurement is available but true measurement is expensive.	Sequential analysis is a framework for conducting hypothesis tests with pre-planned interim looks at accumulating data, allowing a study to stop early for efficacy or futility while controlling the overall Type I error rate. The group sequential approach was formalised by Pocock (1977) and O'Brien and Fleming (1979), and remains the standard for confirmatory clinical trials and rigorous A/B experiments.