مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نمونه‌گیری مضاعف	نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای
حوزه	نمونه‌گیری	روش‌شناسی پیمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1938	Early-to-mid 20th century; canonical treatment 1953/1977
پدیدآور	Jerzy Neyman	Formalized by William G. Cochran; roots in early 20th-century U.S. Census Bureau survey practice
نوع	Multi-phase sampling design	Probability sampling design
منبع بنیادین	Neyman, J. (1938). Contribution to the theory of sampling human populations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 33(201), 101–116.	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471162407
نام‌های دیگر	Two-Phase Sampling	cluster random sampling, area sampling, one-stage cluster sampling
مرتبط	4	5
خلاصه	Double Sampling (also called two-phase or multistage sampling) is a survey design in which a large preliminary sample is collected using inexpensive methods or partial information, then a smaller subsample is drawn from it and measured in detail. Pioneered by Jerzy Neyman in 1938, it is particularly useful when a cheap surrogate measurement is available but true measurement is expensive.	Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into naturally occurring groups (clusters), a random sample of clusters is selected, and all — or a random subset of — members within each selected cluster are studied. It is especially practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when units are geographically dispersed, making individual random selection prohibitively expensive. One-stage cluster sampling surveys every member of selected clusters; two-stage designs add a second random draw within clusters.