مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمایش میدانی دو سوی کور	آزمایش میدانی تصادفی خوشه‌ای
حوزه	طراحی آزمایش	طراحی آزمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1960s onward (field experiment tradition); double-blind controls applied from 1970s in social and policy field trials	1980s–1990s (formalized methodology)
پدیدآور	Fisher, R. A. (randomized field trials); double-blind practice traced to 19th-century clinical research, formalized for field settings by Campbell & Stanley (1963)	David M. Murray (group-randomized trials framework); applied broadly in public health and education research
نوع	Experimental design	Randomized experimental design
منبع بنیادین	Gerber, A. S., & Green, D. P. (2012). Field Experiments: Design, Analysis, and Interpretation. W. W. Norton. ISBN: 978-0393979954	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120424
نام‌های دیگر	double-masked field trial, double-blind naturalistic experiment, blinded field study, DB field experiment	CRFE, cluster-randomized trial in the field, group-randomized field experiment, community-randomized field experiment
مرتبط	5	4
خلاصه	A double-blind field experiment combines the high external validity of a real-world field setting with double-blind masking, in which neither the participants nor the personnel delivering the treatment know who has been assigned to the treatment or control condition. This design controls simultaneously for participant expectation effects and for experimenter/enumerator demand effects, making it one of the most rigorous tools available for causal inference outside the laboratory.	A cluster randomized field experiment (CRFE) assigns intact groups — schools, villages, clinics, workplaces — rather than individuals to treatment or control conditions, and the experiment is conducted in real-world settings rather than a laboratory. Randomization at the group level controls for contamination between conditions while preserving the ecological validity of the natural environment. It is the dominant design for evaluating community-level, school-based, or workplace interventions in public health, education policy, and development economics.