مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	سیستم شناسه اشیاء دیجیتال	تحلیل استنادی
حوزه	مهارت‌های پژوهش	مهارت‌های پژوهش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1998 (concept); 2001 (widespread adoption)	1955 (citation indexes); 1975 (Impact Factor); 2005 (H-index)
پدیدآور	Norman Paskin, CrossRef and International DOI Foundation (1998)	Eugene Garfield (Citation Indexes, 1955); Jorge Hirsch (H-index, 2005)
نوع	Standard	Tool
منبع بنیادین	Paskin, N. (2010). Digital Object Identifier (DOI) system. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, 3rd ed., 1586–1592. ISBN: 978-0-8493-9712-7	Hirsch, J. E. (2005). An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(46), 16569–16572.
نام‌های دیگر	DOI, Digital Object Identifier, persistent identifier	citation metrics, bibliometric analysis, citation tracking
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique, persistent alphanumeric code that identifies a scholarly work (journal article, book chapter, dataset, preprint) and persists even if the URL changes. Introduced in 1998 by Norman Paskin and the International DOI Foundation, DOIs are now standard in academic publishing. They consist of a prefix (assigned to a publisher or organization) and a suffix (assigned to an individual work), formatted as 10.XXXX/XXXXX (e.g., 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097). DOIs are registered with international agencies (CrossRef, DataCite, mEDRA) and resolve through the centralized resolver https://doi.org/, ensuring that a DOI will direct users to the correct article regardless of whether the publisher's website changes location.	Citation analysis is the systematic study of how scholarly works are cited by subsequent research, used as a proxy for research impact and influence. Founded formally by Eugene Garfield in 1955 (introducing citation indexes), the field encompasses metrics ranging from simple citation counts to sophisticated indices like the H-index (Hirsch, 2005) and field-normalized indicators. Citation analysis is used to evaluate researcher productivity, track influence of ideas, assess journal quality, and detect research trends. While citation counts are not perfect measures of quality (high citation does not equal high quality; time lag in citation accumulation), they provide valuable quantitative data for research evaluation alongside peer review and expert assessment.