مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	روش نمونه‌گیری فاصله‌ای (Distance Sampling)	تحلیل توپولوژی شبکه غذایی
حوزه	بوم‌شناسی	بوم‌شناسی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1993	2000
پدیدآور	Stephen Buckland	Richard Williams and Neo Martinez
نوع	population abundance estimation	ecological network characterization
منبع بنیادین	Buckland, S. T., Anderson, D. R., Burnham, K. P., Laake, J. L., Borchers, D. L., & Thomas, L. (1993). Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations. Chapman and Hall, London.	Dunne, J. A., Williams, R. J., & Martinez, N. D. (2002). Network structure and robustness of marine food webs. The American Naturalist, 160(1), 117-129.
نام‌های دیگر	line transect, point transect, distance estimation, detection probability	food web structure, network topology, trophic network, food chain analysis
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Distance sampling is a statistical method for estimating population abundance from data on distances between observers and detected individuals. Developed by Buckland and colleagues (1993) and formalized in the software Distance, this approach accounts for imperfect detection: animals far from an observer are less likely to be detected. By modeling the detection function (probability of detecting an animal at various distances), distance sampling produces unbiased estimates of abundance and density even when detection is incomplete.	Food web topology analysis characterizes the structure of predator-prey interactions within ecological communities using network metrics. Pioneered by Williams and Martinez (2000) and extended by Dunne and colleagues (2002), this approach maps which species eat which and quantifies network properties (connectivity, clustering, robustness). Understanding food web structure reveals how ecosystems are organized, how stable they are to species loss, and what roles different species play in ecosystem function.