مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل گفتمان	تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی	تحلیل محتوای کیفی
حوزه	پژوهش کیفی	کیفی	پژوهش کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)	1980
پدیدآور	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak	Klaus Krippendorff; refined by Margrit Schreier
نوع	Method	Qualitative research method	Method
منبع بنیادین	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.	Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage Publications.
نام‌های دیگر	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis	Content Analysis, Categorical Content Analysis
مرتبط	2	6	2
خلاصه	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.	Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) is a systematic, inductive method for analyzing textual or visual data by identifying and categorizing meaning units into content categories. Developed and formalized by Klaus Krippendorff (1980), QCA can be purely qualitative (inductive, exploratory) or combined with quantitative counting; it analyzes manifest content (explicit, surface meanings) and latent content (underlying, interpretive meanings).