مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	شبیه‌سازی عددی مستقیم	هیدرودینامیک ذرات هموار شده
حوزه	دینامیک سیالات	دینامیک سیالات
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1971	1977
پدیدآور	Steven Orszag	Monaghan John & Lucy Leon
نوع	Full-scale turbulence resolution method	Meshfree particle method
منبع بنیادین	Orszag, S. A. (1971). Numerical simulation of incompressible flows within simple boundaries: accuracy. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 49(1), 75-112.	Lucy, L. B. (1977). A numerical approach to the testing of the fission hypothesis. The Astronomical Journal, 82(12), 1013-1024.
نام‌های دیگر	DNS, resolved turbulence simulation	SPH, particle hydrodynamics
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) is a computational approach that solves the Navier-Stokes equations without turbulence models, resolving all scales of motion from the largest energy-containing eddies down to the smallest dissipative scales (Kolmogorov microscales). Pioneered by Steven Orszag in 1971, DNS provides complete information about turbulent flow fields and serves as a reference solution for validating turbulence models. However, extreme computational demands limit DNS to relatively simple geometries and low to moderate Reynolds numbers.	Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a meshfree particle method for simulating fluid dynamics, developed independently by Lucy in 1977 and Gingold and Monaghan in 1977. Rather than discretizing on a fixed grid, SPH represents fluids as collections of particles that carry mass, momentum, and energy. Each particle interacts with neighbors within a kernel support radius, enabling natural handling of free surfaces, large deformations, and multiphase flows without remeshing. SPH has become indispensable for simulations involving violent flows, impacts, and complex interfaces.