مقایسهٔ روشها
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| عملکرد افتراقی آیتم (DIF)× | آزمون پایایی سنجش× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روانسنجی | روانسنجی |
| خانواده | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1970s–1993 | 2000 |
| پدیدآور≠ | William H. Angoff and colleagues (ETS); systematized by Holland & Wainer | Vandenberg & Lance |
| نوع≠ | Item-level bias detection | Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis procedure |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Holland, P. W. & Wainer, H. (Eds.) (1993). Differential Item Functioning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805809589 | Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | DIF, item bias analysis, measurement non-equivalence, item-level measurement bias | Factorial Invariance, Measurement Equivalence, Configural-Metric-Scalar Testing, Ölçüm Değişmezliği |
| مرتبط≠ | 5 | 3 |
| خلاصه≠ | Differential item functioning identifies test or survey items that behave differently for examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — after controlling for the underlying ability or trait being measured. DIF analysis is essential for fairness evaluation in educational testing and psychological scale development. | Measurement invariance testing is a sequence of nested confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models that examines whether a psychological scale measures the same latent construct in the same way across distinct groups or time points. Systematized and popularized by Vandenberg and Lance (2000), the procedure tests a hierarchy of constraints — from identical factor patterns to identical item intercepts — so that researchers can justify meaningful group comparisons on latent means. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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