مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	پدیدارشناسی توصیفی	پژوهش مطالعه موردی	تحلیل روایی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1970s–1985 (systematised by Giorgi; refined 2009)	1984 (seminal codification)	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
پدیدآور	Amedeo Giorgi (adapting Edmund Husserl's transcendental phenomenology)	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
نوع	Qualitative research method	Qualitative research design	Qualitative interpretive method
منبع بنیادین	Giorgi, A. (2009). The Descriptive Phenomenological Method in Psychology: A Modified Husserlian Approach. Duquesne University Press. ISBN: 978-0820703992	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
نام‌های دیگر	Giorgi method, empirical phenomenology, scientific phenomenology, Husserlian descriptive phenomenology	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
مرتبط	6	5	6
خلاصه	Descriptive Phenomenology, systematised by Amedeo Giorgi at Duquesne University, is a rigorous qualitative method for uncovering the general psychological structure of a lived experience. Drawing directly on Husserl's transcendental phenomenology, Giorgi's four-step procedure — epoché, whole reading, meaning-unit discrimination, and transformation into disciplinary language — produces a stable, replicable description of what makes an experience essentially what it is, without theoretical interpretation or causal explanation.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.