مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تکنیک دلفی	تکنیک گروه اسمی
حوزه	روش‌شناسی پیمایش	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1950s–1963	1971
پدیدآور	Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)	André L. Delbecq and Andrew H. Van de Ven
نوع	Iterative expert consensus technique	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467.	Delbecq, A. L., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1971). A group process model for problem identification and program planning. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 7(4), 466–492.
نام‌های دیگر	Delphi method, Delphi survey, expert consensus method, iterative expert panel	NGT, structured group process, nominal group process, priority-setting group method
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	The Delphi technique is a structured, multi-round data collection method that harvests and refines expert opinion through iterative questionnaires and controlled feedback. Developed at RAND Corporation in the 1950s, it is designed to converge a dispersed expert panel toward a reliable consensus on complex, uncertain, or future-oriented questions — without the conformity pressures of face-to-face group discussion.	The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) is a structured group facilitation method designed to generate and prioritise ideas, problems, or solutions while ensuring equal participation from all members. Developed by Delbecq and Van de Ven in 1971, it combines silent individual idea generation with structured group discussion and systematic voting to produce a ranked list of priorities. Unlike unstructured focus groups, NGT prevents dominant voices from suppressing quieter participants, making it especially valuable for needs assessment, program planning, and stakeholder priority-setting in applied research and policy contexts.