مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	روش دلفی	پژوهش عملیاتی
حوزه	کیفی	پژوهش کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1963	1946
پدیدآور	Norman Dalkey & Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury
نوع	Structured iterative expert-elicitation process	Method
منبع بنیادین	Dalkey, N. & Helmer, O. (1963). An Experimental Application of the Delphi Method to the Use of Experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458-467.	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.
نام‌های دیگر	Delphi Yöntemi, Delphi technique, expert consensus method	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry
مرتبط	5	1
خلاصه	The Delphi method is a structured, iterative survey technique developed by Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer at the RAND Corporation in 1963 for eliciting and converging expert opinion on complex topics where empirical data are unavailable or insufficient. It collects independent judgements from a geographically dispersed expert panel over multiple anonymous rounds, feeding aggregated results back to participants after each round so they can revise their views in light of the group's collective position.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.