مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Data Envelopment Analysis (Productivity)	تحلیل پوششی داده‌های فرا-کارا
حوزه	اقتصاد	تحلیل کارایی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1978	1993
پدیدآور	Charnes, Cooper & Rhodes (building on Farrell 1957)	Andersen & Petersen
نوع	Nonparametric linear-programming efficiency frontier	Nonparametric linear programming model
منبع بنیادین	Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429–444.	Andersen, P., & Petersen, N. C. (1993). A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis. Management Science, 39(10), 1261–1264.
نام‌های دیگر	DEA Efficiency Analysis, Nonparametric Frontier Efficiency, CCR/BCC Efficiency Measurement, Production Frontier DEA	Andersen-Petersen Model, Super-Radial DEA, Ranking DEA, Süper Etkinlik VZA
مرتبط	5	2
خلاصه	Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric, linear-programming technique for measuring the relative productive efficiency of comparable units — firms, plants, hospitals, schools, bank branches — that convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. Introduced by Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes in 1978 and rooted in Farrell's 1957 work on efficiency measurement, it constructs a best-practice frontier that envelops the observed data and scores each unit by its distance to that frontier, requiring no assumed functional form for the production technology.	Super-Efficiency DEA is a nonparametric linear programming extension of classical Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) introduced by Andersen and Petersen (1993). While standard DEA assigns a maximum efficiency score of 1.0 to all units on the efficient frontier, Super-Efficiency DEA allows efficient units to receive scores greater than 1.0 by temporarily removing the evaluated unit from the reference set. This modification enables full ranking of all decision-making units (DMUs), including those previously indistinguishable at the frontier.