مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Curriculum-Based Measurement	Educational Growth Curve Modeling
حوزه	Education	Education
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1985	1987
پدیدآور	Stanley Deno and colleagues (University of Minnesota)	Anthony Bryk & Stephen Raudenbush; Judith Singer & John Willett
نوع	Standardized, repeated brief measures for monitoring academic progress	Longitudinal multilevel model of individual change
منبع بنیادین	Deno, S. L. (1985). Curriculum-based measurement: The emerging alternative. Exceptional Children, 52(3), 219–232.	Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780195152968
نام‌های دیگر	CBM, Curriculum-Based Progress Monitoring, General Outcome Measurement, CBM Probes	Latent Growth Curve Modeling in Education, Multilevel Growth Models for Achievement, Individual Growth Trajectory Analysis, Learning Trajectory Modeling
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) is a standardized system of brief, repeated assessments used to monitor a student's academic progress over time. Developed by Stanley Deno and colleagues at the University of Minnesota, CBM uses short, technically adequate probes — such as one-minute oral reading fluency or math computation samples — sampled from the year's curriculum at a fixed difficulty. Scores are charted week by week, and the slope of improvement is compared against a goal line to judge whether instruction is working and to trigger timely changes.	Educational growth curve modeling is a longitudinal multilevel technique for describing and explaining how individual students change over time on an outcome such as reading or mathematics achievement. Building on the hierarchical linear models framework formalized by Bryk and Raudenbush (1987) and the applied longitudinal treatment of Singer and Willett (2003), it fits each student a personal trajectory — an intercept and one or more slopes — and then models how those personal growth parameters vary across students and relate to learner characteristics, classrooms, and schools.