مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Cultural Models Analysis	Ethnographic Interview
حوزه	Anthropology	Anthropology
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2005	1979
پدیدآور	Cognitive anthropology of cultural models (Quinn, Holland, D'Andrade, Strauss)	James P. Spradley
نوع	Discourse-analytic method for reconstructing shared tacit cognitive schemas	Structured developmental sequence of interview questions for eliciting cultural knowledge
منبع بنیادین	Quinn, N. (Ed.) (2005). Finding Culture in Talk: A Collection of Methods. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN: 9781403969132	Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 9780030444968
نام‌های دیگر	Cultural Schema Analysis, Cultural Models Theory, Schema-Based Discourse Analysis, Finding Culture in Talk	Spradley Interview, Developmental Research Sequence Interview, Ethnographic Interviewing, Domain Elicitation Interview
مرتبط	4	3
خلاصه	Cultural models analysis is a discourse-analytic method for reconstructing the shared, largely tacit cognitive schemas — the cultural models — that organize how members of a group understand a domain such as marriage, success, or illness. Rather than asking people to state their models directly (they usually cannot), the analyst examines what speakers say spontaneously: the key words they reach for, the metaphors they reason with, and the assumptions their arguments take for granted. Recurring patterns across many speakers' talk are taken as traces of an underlying schema that the talk presupposes but never fully spells out.	The ethnographic interview, formalized by James Spradley, is a deliberately staged conversation whose goal is to discover how an insider categorizes and talks about their own cultural world rather than to test the researcher's categories. It proceeds through a developmental research sequence of question types — broad grand-tour questions, fine-grained descriptive questions, structural questions that probe how knowledge is organized, and contrast questions that surface the distinctions informants draw between terms. The point is not a list of facts but a reconstructed map of meanings expressed in the informant's own native terms.