مقایسهٔ روشها
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| طرح متقاطع سلیمان چهار گروهی× | طرح آزمایشی متقاطع پیشآزمون-پسآزمون× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | طراحی آزمایش | طراحی آزمایش |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1949 (base design); crossover adaptation developed through later methodological literature | 1963 (Campbell & Stanley framework); crossover methodology formalized 1980s–2000s |
| پدیدآور≠ | Richard L. Solomon (base design); crossover extension via repeated-measures methodology | Donald T. Campbell & Julian C. Stanley (pretest-posttest framework); Stephen Senn (crossover trial methodology) |
| نوع≠ | Experimental design (pretest-sensitization control + within-subjects crossover) | Within-subjects experimental design |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150. DOI ↗ | Senn, S. (2002). Cross-over Trials in Clinical Research (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471496533 |
| نامهای دیگر≠ | crossover S4G design, within-subjects Solomon design, repeated-measures Solomon four-group design | within-subjects pretest-posttest design, repeated-measures crossover design, AB/BA pretest-posttest design, crossover repeated-measures design |
| مرتبط | 5 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | The Crossover Solomon Four-Group Design merges two powerful experimental strategies: the Solomon four-group design's control for pretest sensitization and the crossover design's within-subjects efficiency. Participants are randomly assigned to one of four groups that vary in whether they receive a pretest and in the sequence of treatment and control conditions, allowing the researcher to simultaneously estimate treatment effects, pretest effects, and their interaction while controlling for individual differences through repeated measurement. | A crossover pretest-posttest experimental design is a within-subjects experiment in which each participant receives two or more treatments in a randomized sequence, with outcome measurements taken both before and after each treatment period. By serving as their own control across conditions, participants allow direct intra-individual comparison, dramatically increasing statistical power while reducing the sample size required relative to a parallel-group design. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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