مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل جدول ترکیبی	آزمون استقلال کی-دو
حوزه	آمار	آمار
خانواده	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1900	1900
پدیدآور	Karl Pearson	Karl Pearson
نوع	Descriptive and inferential categorical analysis	Nonparametric test of association
منبع بنیادین	Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine, 50(302), 157–175.	Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine, 50(302), 157–175.
نام‌های دیگر	crosstab, contingency table analysis, two-way frequency table, bivariate frequency analysis	chi-squared test, Pearson's chi-square test, test of independence, ki-kare bağımsızlık testi
مرتبط	5	2
خلاصه	Cross-tabulation analysis (contingency table analysis) is a foundational descriptive and inferential technique for examining the relationship between two or more categorical variables. It arranges observed frequencies into a table of rows and columns, enabling visual inspection of patterns and formal chi-square testing of independence between the variables.	The chi-square test of independence is a nonparametric hypothesis test that examines whether two categorical variables are associated by comparing observed and expected frequencies in a cross-tabulation. It rests on the chi-square criterion introduced by Karl Pearson in 1900.