مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه اپیدمیولوژیک مقطعی	ارزیابی آزمون غربالگری
حوزه	اپیدمیولوژی	اپیدمیولوژی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1960s (formal codification); widely practiced since mid-20th century	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s
پدیدآور	Classical epidemiology tradition; systematized by Brian MacMahon and Thomas Pugh (1960s)	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation
نوع	Observational, descriptive/analytic epidemiological design	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design
منبع بنیادین	Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195080407	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.
نام‌های دیگر	prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, transversal study, cross-sectional design	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	A cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the exposure(s) and outcome(s) of interest simultaneously in a defined population at a single point in time (or over a short period). Because there is no follow-up, it is the most efficient observational design for estimating disease prevalence and for generating hypotheses about associations between risk factors and health outcomes.	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.