مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه اپیدمیولوژیک مقطعی	طراحی مطالعه دقت تشخیصی
حوزه	اپیدمیولوژی	پژوهش بالینی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1960s (formal codification); widely practiced since mid-20th century	2003-2015
پدیدآور	Classical epidemiology tradition; systematized by Brian MacMahon and Thomas Pugh (1960s)	Bossuyt, Reitsma, and STARD group (2003); clinical epidemiology pioneers
نوع	Observational, descriptive/analytic epidemiological design	Research Design
منبع بنیادین	Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195080407	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., ... & de Vet, H. C. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40–44.
نام‌های دیگر	prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, transversal study, cross-sectional design	diagnostic accuracy study, test accuracy, STARD, diagnostic evaluation
مرتبط	6	2
خلاصه	A cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the exposure(s) and outcome(s) of interest simultaneously in a defined population at a single point in time (or over a short period). Because there is no follow-up, it is the most efficient observational design for estimating disease prevalence and for generating hypotheses about associations between risk factors and health outcomes.	A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative, diagnostic accuracy studies are fundamental to clinical medicine, determining whether and how new tests can improve patient diagnosis and treatment.