مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه موردی واحد انتقادی	قوم‌نگاری انتقادی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1984 (Yin's foundational text); critical framing developed through 1990s–2000s	Late 20th century (~1980s–1993 systematisation)
پدیدآور	Robert K. Yin (case study design); Bent Flyvbjerg (critical case logic); critical theory influence from Max Horkheimer and Frankfurt School	Jim Thomas (systematised); rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory (Adorno, Horkheimer) and feminist/postcolonial traditions
نوع	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219–245.	Thomas, J. (1993). Doing Critical Ethnography. Sage Publications.
نام‌های دیگر	critical case study, critical-theory case study, single critical case, CSCS	critical ethnographic research, critical qualitative ethnography, advocacy ethnography, emancipatory ethnography
مرتبط	4	6
خلاصه	A critical single case study is a qualitative research design that investigates one bounded, strategically selected case through a critical-theory lens, aiming not only to understand the case in depth but also to expose underlying power relations, structural inequalities, or ideological conditions that shape the phenomenon. It combines the analytic depth of single-case inquiry with the emancipatory agenda of critical social science.	Critical ethnography is a qualitative research approach that combines sustained fieldwork immersion with explicit critical theory to examine how power, inequality, and ideology shape the lived experiences of marginalised communities. Unlike conventional ethnography, which aims to describe a culture as it is, critical ethnography commits the researcher to questioning what is taken for granted and to producing knowledge that can serve as a resource for social change. Rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory and expanded through feminist, postcolonial, and race-critical traditions, it treats the research process itself as a political act.