مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نِت‌نگاری انتقادی	نِتْنوگرافی تفسیری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Late 1990s–2000s (netnography); critical applications prominent from 2000s onward	1997–2002
پدیدآور	Robert V. Kozinets (netnography); critical strand developed through integration with critical theory traditions (e.g., critical race theory, feminist theory)	Robert V. Kozinets
نوع	Qualitative online research design	Qualitative online research design
منبع بنیادین	Kozinets, R. V. (2020). Netnography: The Essential Guide to Qualitative Social Media Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1526458414	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228
نام‌های دیگر	critical online ethnography, critical internet ethnography, critical digital netnography, netnography with critical theory	interpretivist netnography, constructivist netnography, online ethnography (interpretivist), virtual ethnography (interpretive)
مرتبط	6	4
خلاصه	Critical netnography applies the ethnographic toolkit of netnography to online communities while foregrounding a critical theoretical lens — such as critical race theory, feminist theory, or postcolonial theory. Rather than merely describing online culture, it interrogates how power, inequality, and ideology operate within and through digital spaces, making the approach particularly suited to researchers who wish to both understand online life and challenge the social conditions it reflects.	Interpretive netnography applies Kozinets' netnographic method within an explicitly interpretivist epistemological framework. The researcher immerses in online communities — social media, forums, blogs, or brand communities — to understand how members co-construct meaning, identity, and culture through digital interaction. Unlike positivist content analysis, interpretive netnography foregrounds the researcher's situated reading of online texts and privileges thick, contextualised meaning-making over frequency counts or variable measurement.