مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نِت‌نگاری انتقادی	تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Late 1990s–2000s (netnography); critical applications prominent from 2000s onward	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
پدیدآور	Robert V. Kozinets (netnography); critical strand developed through integration with critical theory traditions (e.g., critical race theory, feminist theory)	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
نوع	Qualitative online research design	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Kozinets, R. V. (2020). Netnography: The Essential Guide to Qualitative Social Media Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1526458414	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
نام‌های دیگر	critical online ethnography, critical internet ethnography, critical digital netnography, netnography with critical theory	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Critical netnography applies the ethnographic toolkit of netnography to online communities while foregrounding a critical theoretical lens — such as critical race theory, feminist theory, or postcolonial theory. Rather than merely describing online culture, it interrogates how power, inequality, and ideology operate within and through digital spaces, making the approach particularly suited to researchers who wish to both understand online life and challenge the social conditions it reflects.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.