مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم‌نگاری نهادی انتقادی	تحلیل گفتمان انتقادی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1987 (IE foundational); critical applications prominent 1990s–2000s	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
پدیدآور	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); critical variant developed through feminist and critical scholars	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
نوع	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
نام‌های دیگر	Critical IE, critical-IE, institutional ethnography with critical orientation, CIE	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Critical institutional ethnography (CIE) combines Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography with an explicit critical theory lens to investigate how ruling relations, texts, and institutional discourses reproduce inequality and power asymmetries. Starting from the lived experiences of people positioned within or subordinated by institutions, CIE traces how abstract institutional processes coordinate everyday life and subjects those processes to normative critique aimed at social transformation.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.