مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نظریه داده‌بنیاد سازه‌انگارانه انتقادی	قوم‌نگاری انتقادی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2000s–2010s (post-Charmaz 2006)	Late 20th century (~1980s–1993 systematisation)
پدیدآور	Kathy Charmaz (constructivist GT base); synthesis with critical theory by various scholars (e.g., Belfrage, Hauf; Street; Wuest)	Jim Thomas (systematised); rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory (Adorno, Horkheimer) and feminist/postcolonial traditions
نوع	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing Grounded Theory (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0857029164	Thomas, J. (1993). Doing Critical Ethnography. Sage Publications.
نام‌های دیگر	Critical CGT, Critical constructivist GT, Emancipatory constructivist grounded theory, Critical Charmaz grounded theory	critical ethnographic research, critical qualitative ethnography, advocacy ethnography, emancipatory ethnography
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	Critical constructivist grounded theory combines Kathy Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory with an explicit critical theoretical lens — typically feminist, critical race, or Freireian frameworks — to generate theory that not only explains a social process but also interrogates power relations, structural inequalities, and ideological forces that shape participants' experiences. The result is grounded theory with an emancipatory intent.	Critical ethnography is a qualitative research approach that combines sustained fieldwork immersion with explicit critical theory to examine how power, inequality, and ideology shape the lived experiences of marginalised communities. Unlike conventional ethnography, which aims to describe a culture as it is, critical ethnography commits the researcher to questioning what is taken for granted and to producing knowledge that can serve as a resource for social change. Rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory and expanded through feminist, postcolonial, and race-critical traditions, it treats the research process itself as a political act.