مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	امتیازدهی اعتباری (کارت امتیازی، WoE/IV)	امتیاز Z آلتمن: پیش‌بینی ورشکستگی شرکت‌ها
حوزه	مالی	مالی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1997	1968
پدیدآور	Hand & Henley; Thomas, Edelman & Crook	Edward Altman
نوع	Supervised binary classification model	Multiple discriminant analysis scoring model
منبع بنیادین	Hand, D. J., & Henley, W. E. (1997). Statistical classification methods in consumer credit scoring: a review. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A, 160(3), 523–541.	Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial ratios, discriminant analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589–609.
نام‌های دیگر	Credit Scorecard, Application Scoring, Behavioural Scoring, Kredi Skorlama	Altman's Z-Score Model, Multiple Discriminant Analysis Bankruptcy Model, Z-Score Financial Distress Model, Altman Z-Skoru
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	Credit scoring is a statistical technique that estimates the probability that a borrower will default on a financial obligation. Using Weight of Evidence (WoE) binning, Information Value (IV) variable selection, and logistic regression, it converts raw applicant data into a single integer score. Formalized by Hand and Henley (1997) and elaborated by Thomas, Edelman, and Crook, the scorecard framework has become the regulatory standard for retail credit risk assessment in banking, lending, and insurance.	The Altman Z-Score is a linear discriminant model developed by Edward I. Altman in 1968 to predict corporate bankruptcy using five accounting-based financial ratios. Derived through multiple discriminant analysis on a matched sample of 66 US manufacturing firms, the model combines liquidity, profitability, leverage, solvency, and activity ratios into a single composite score that classifies firms as financially sound, distressed, or in a grey zone.