مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Coping Strategies Index	Livelihood Vulnerability Assessment
حوزه	Development Studies	Development Studies
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1996	2009
پدیدآور	Daniel Maxwell; CARE / World Food Programme	IPCC framing; W. Neil Adger; Micah Hahn, Anne Riederer & Stanley Foster (LVI)
نوع	Behaviour-based food-insecurity index	Composite-indicator framework for assessing climate and livelihood vulnerability
منبع بنیادین	Maxwell, D. G. (1996). Measuring food insecurity: the frequency and severity of 'coping strategies'. Food Policy, 21(3), 291–303.	Hahn, M. B., Riederer, A. M., & Foster, S. O. (2009). The Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change — A case study in Mozambique. Global Environmental Change, 19(1), 74–88.
نام‌های دیگر	CSI, Reduced Coping Strategies Index, rCSI, Coping strategies score	Livelihood Vulnerability Index, LVI, Climate Vulnerability Assessment, Social Vulnerability Assessment
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Coping Strategies Index (CSI) is a behaviour-based indicator of household food insecurity that counts and weights the consumption-related coping strategies households adopt when they cannot access enough food. Developed by Daniel Maxwell in the 1990s and standardised in the CARE/WFP field manual, it asks how frequently a household resorted to behaviours such as eating less-preferred foods, borrowing food, reducing portion sizes, restricting adult consumption, or skipping meals, and combines frequency with severity into a single score that is quick to collect and well suited to monitoring and early warning.	Livelihood Vulnerability Assessment is a framework for measuring how exposed and susceptible households and communities are to climatic and socio-economic stresses, and how able they are to cope and adapt. Drawing on the IPCC's conceptualisation of vulnerability as a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity and operationalised in composite tools such as Hahn and colleagues' Livelihood Vulnerability Index, it translates the social and environmental dimensions of risk into indicators that can be compared across places and groups to guide adaptation and poverty-reduction investment.