مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل محتوا	تحلیل گفتمان	تحلیل روایی
حوزه	کیفی	پژوهش کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
پدیدآور	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
نوع	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique	Method	Qualitative interpretive method
منبع بنیادین	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
نام‌های دیگر	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
مرتبط	5	2	6
خلاصه	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.