مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	طرح پیمایشی رابطه‌ای مقایسه‌ای	پژوهش پیمایشی مقایسه‌ای
حوزه	طراحی پژوهش	طراحی پژوهش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Mid-20th century onward; systematized in educational research c. 1960s–1990s	Mid-20th century onward
پدیدآور	Rooted in survey methodology tradition; formalized by scholars such as Fraenkel, Wallen, and Creswell	Rooted in survey methodology traditions (Gallup, Likert, Lazarsfeld mid-20th century); comparative extension codified in social science research methods literature
نوع	Quantitative non-experimental survey design	Quantitative non-experimental research design
منبع بنیادین	Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0073525 670	Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000
نام‌های دیگر	comparative correlational survey, multi-group relational survey, cross-group relational survey design	comparative survey design, cross-group survey, multi-group survey research, comparative questionnaire study
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	A comparative relational survey is a quantitative, non-experimental design that examines the relationships among variables within a single study while simultaneously comparing those relationship patterns across two or more distinct groups. It extends a standard relational (correlational) survey by adding a comparative dimension, revealing whether associations observed in one group hold, differ, or even reverse in another. It is widely used in education, psychology, organizational behavior, and health sciences.	Comparative survey research is a quantitative non-experimental design that systematically collects structured survey data from two or more clearly defined groups, populations, or contexts in order to identify, describe, and analyze similarities and differences among them. It extends basic survey research by making comparison the explicit organizing logic: rather than characterizing a single population, the goal is to detect how attitudes, behaviors, or outcomes vary across groups defined by nationality, culture, profession, demographic category, or time period.