مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نِت‌نگاری تطبیقی	نتنوگرافی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	Late 1990s–2000s (netnography ~1997; comparative extension ~2000s–2010s)	1997 (coined); 2010 (first comprehensive methodology book)
پدیدآور	Robert V. Kozinets (netnography); comparative extension through multi-site online fieldwork practice	Robert V. Kozinets
نوع	Qualitative comparative research design	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875532	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875907
نام‌های دیگر	cross-community netnography, multi-site netnography, comparative online ethnography, comparative virtual ethnography	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, cyber-ethnography, digital ethnography
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	Comparative netnography applies netnographic methods systematically across two or more online communities, platforms, or cultural contexts to reveal both shared and divergent patterns in online social life. Grounded in Kozinets's netnographic tradition, it extends single-site online ethnography into a comparative logic: the researcher immerses in multiple digital field sites, gathers culturally embedded data, and analyses across sites to generate theoretically richer, transferable insights.	Netnography is a qualitative research method that adapts the principles of cultural ethnography to the study of online communities and social media environments. Coined by Robert Kozinets in 1997 and systematised in his 2010 handbook, netnography treats digital spaces — forums, social networks, blogs, review sites — as naturally occurring field sites where communities gather, share meanings, and construct identities. The method combines unobtrusive observation of digital traces with active participation and, where appropriate, direct member interaction.