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| روش تطبیقی (Comparative Method)× | بازسازی درونی× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | زبانشناسی | زبانشناسی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1786 | 1891 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Sir William Jones | Henry Heffner Hock |
| نوع | Empirical process pipeline | Empirical process pipeline |
| منبع بنیادین | Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI ↗ | Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | Historical Comparative Linguistics, Genetic Linguistics | Interlingual Reconstruction, Diachronic Morphology |
| مرتبط≠ | 4 | 3 |
| خلاصه≠ | The Comparative Method is a foundational technique in historical linguistics for reconstructing ancestral languages and establishing genetic relationships between related languages. Pioneered by Sir William Jones in 1786, it systematically compares phonological, morphological, and lexical features across languages to identify regular sound correspondences and trace their shared origins. This method underpins modern historical linguistics and has been essential for understanding language families worldwide. | Internal Reconstruction is a historical linguistic method that reconstructs earlier stages of a single language by identifying internal inconsistencies, morphological irregularities, and distributional patterns within the language itself. Unlike the Comparative Method, which relies on comparing related languages, Internal Reconstruction uses evidence from within one language—such as suppletive forms, analogy-induced irregularities, and phonological asymmetries—to infer its historical structure and sound changes. This method is particularly valuable when only one written form of a language survives or when related languages are unavailable. |
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