مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم‌نگاری نهادی مقایسه‌ای	قوم‌نگاری نهادی انتقادی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1987 (IE origin); comparative applications developed 1990s–2000s	1987 (IE foundational); critical applications prominent 1990s–2000s
پدیدآور	Dorothy E. Smith (IE foundation); comparative extension by subsequent IE scholars	Dorothy E. Smith (institutional ethnography); critical variant developed through feminist and critical scholars
نوع	Qualitative multi-site institutional design	Qualitative research design
منبع بنیادین	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105508	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010
نام‌های دیگر	CIE, comparative IE, multi-site institutional ethnography, cross-institutional ethnography	Critical IE, critical-IE, institutional ethnography with critical orientation, CIE
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	Comparative Institutional Ethnography (CIE) extends Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography to two or more institutional settings, revealing how texts, ruling relations, and coordinated work practices operate across different organizational contexts. By holding the standpoint of workers or clients constant while varying the institutional site, CIE exposes both the shared ideological mechanisms and the local divergences that shape everyday experience within institutions such as hospitals, schools, welfare agencies, or courts.	Critical institutional ethnography (CIE) combines Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography with an explicit critical theory lens to investigate how ruling relations, texts, and institutional discourses reproduce inequality and power asymmetries. Starting from the lived experiences of people positioned within or subordinated by institutions, CIE traces how abstract institutional processes coordinate everyday life and subjects those processes to normative critique aimed at social transformation.