مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم‌نگاری نهادی مقایسه‌ای	قوم‌نگاری تطبیقی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1987 (IE origin); comparative applications developed 1990s–2000s	1987–1995 (systematic comparative ethnography formalized)
پدیدآور	Dorothy E. Smith (IE foundation); comparative extension by subsequent IE scholars	George E. Marcus (multi-sited formulation); Charles C. Ragin (comparative logic)
نوع	Qualitative multi-site institutional design	Qualitative comparative research design
منبع بنیادین	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105508	Marcus, G. E. (1995). Ethnography in/of the world system: The emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 95–117.
نام‌های دیگر	CIE, comparative IE, multi-site institutional ethnography, cross-institutional ethnography	multi-sited ethnography, cross-site ethnography, comparative field research, comparative participant observation
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	Comparative Institutional Ethnography (CIE) extends Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography to two or more institutional settings, revealing how texts, ruling relations, and coordinated work practices operate across different organizational contexts. By holding the standpoint of workers or clients constant while varying the institutional site, CIE exposes both the shared ideological mechanisms and the local divergences that shape everyday experience within institutions such as hospitals, schools, welfare agencies, or courts.	Comparative ethnography is a qualitative research design that conducts in-depth ethnographic fieldwork across two or more sites, groups, communities, or cultural settings in order to generate systematic comparisons. Rather than describing a single community in isolation, it traces similarities, differences, and interconnections across cases, producing theoretically grounded insights that no single site could yield alone.