مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Comparative Historical Analysis	Qualitative Comparative Analysis
حوزه	Political Science	Political Science
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1979	1987
پدیدآور	Theda Skocpol, Barrington Moore, James Mahoney & Dietrich Rueschemeyer (tradition)	Charles C. Ragin
نوع	Macro-causal, case-based comparative method with temporal emphasis	Set-theoretic, configurational comparative method
منبع بنیادین	Mahoney, J., & Rueschemeyer, D. (Eds.) (2003). Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521016452	Ragin, C. C. (1987). The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN: 9780520058347
نام‌های دیگر	CHA, Macro-causal analysis, Historical-comparative method, Comparative historical sociology	QCA, csQCA, fsQCA, Configurational comparative method
مرتبط	4	3
خلاصه	Comparative historical analysis (CHA) is a macro-causal research tradition that explains large-scale outcomes — revolutions, regime change, welfare states, development paths — by systematically comparing a small number of cases reconstructed in depth across historical time. It combines cross-case comparison with close attention to temporality: sequences, timing, critical junctures, and path dependence. Associated with Barrington Moore, Theda Skocpol, and codified by Mahoney and Rueschemeyer, CHA treats history not as background but as the medium through which causes operate.	Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is a set-theoretic, configurational method that identifies which combinations of conditions are necessary or sufficient for an outcome across a set of cases. Developed by Charles Ragin, it treats each case as a configuration of set memberships, builds a truth table of all logically possible combinations, and uses Boolean algebra to minimize them into the simplest expressions that account for the outcome. It bridges qualitative case knowledge and cross-case generalization, embracing causal complexity through conjunctural causation, equifinality, and asymmetry.