مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم نگاری دیجیتال مقایسه‌ای	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1995–2000 (multi-sited framework 1995; virtual ethnography 2000)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Christine Hine (digital ethnography); George E. Marcus (multi-sited ethnography)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761958963	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	CDE, multi-site digital ethnography, cross-platform ethnography, comparative virtual ethnography	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Comparative Digital Ethnography (CDE) is a qualitative design that applies ethnographic methods — sustained participant observation, interview, and artefact analysis — across two or more digital settings simultaneously. By systematically comparing practices, meanings, and interactions in different online environments (e.g., distinct platforms, communities, or national contexts), CDE surfaces both site-specific patterns and cross-cutting cultural logics that a single-site study would miss.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.