مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	قوم نگاری دیجیتال مقایسه‌ای	قوم‌نگاری دیجیتال
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1995–2000 (multi-sited framework 1995; virtual ethnography 2000)	Late 1990s – 2000s
پدیدآور	Christine Hine (digital ethnography); George E. Marcus (multi-sited ethnography)	Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Robert V. Kozinets (netnography)
نوع	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
منبع بنیادین	Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761958963	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228
نام‌های دیگر	CDE, multi-site digital ethnography, cross-platform ethnography, comparative virtual ethnography	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, internet ethnography, netnography
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	Comparative Digital Ethnography (CDE) is a qualitative design that applies ethnographic methods — sustained participant observation, interview, and artefact analysis — across two or more digital settings simultaneously. By systematically comparing practices, meanings, and interactions in different online environments (e.g., distinct platforms, communities, or national contexts), CDE surfaces both site-specific patterns and cross-cutting cultural logics that a single-site study would miss.	Digital ethnography is a qualitative research method that adapts traditional ethnographic fieldwork to online and digitally mediated settings. Drawing on sustained participant observation, document collection, and sometimes interviews, the researcher immerses themselves in one or more digital communities — social media platforms, forums, gaming spaces, or messaging groups — to understand how culture, identity, and social practice are constructed through digital interaction. The approach recognises that online spaces are not merely reflections of offline life but distinctive sites of cultural production in their own right.