مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	CPR Design-Principle Diagnostics	IAD Framework
حوزه	Environmental Sociology	Environmental Sociology
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1990	2011
پدیدآور	Elinor Ostrom; reviewed and refined by Michael Cox, Gwen Arnold & Sergio Villamayor-Tomas	Elinor Ostrom and colleagues (Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis)
نوع	Diagnostic checklist for robustness of common-pool resource institutions	Diagnostic framework for institutional analysis of collective action
منبع بنیادین	Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521405997	Ostrom, E. (2011). Background on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. Policy Studies Journal, 39(1), 7-27.
نام‌های دیگر	Design Principles Diagnostics, Commons Design Principles Analysis, Ostrom Design Principles, Robust CPR Institution Diagnostics	Institutional Analysis and Development Framework, Ostrom IAD Framework, Action-Situation Analysis, Workshop Institutional Analysis
مرتبط	3	3
خلاصه	Common-pool resource (CPR) diagnostics evaluate a self-governing commons against the design principles that Elinor Ostrom, in Governing the Commons (1990), found to characterize long-enduring institutions for managing shared resources. A common-pool resource is one from which it is hard to exclude users but where one person's use subtracts from what is left for others, creating dilemmas of overuse and underprovision. Ostrom's comparison of irrigation systems, fisheries, forests, and grazing commons that had survived for generations against those that had collapsed yielded eight design principles, from clearly defined boundaries and rules matched to local conditions, through collective-choice arrangements, monitoring, graduated sanctions, and conflict resolution, to recognized rights to organize and nested enterprises. A later systematic review by Cox, Arnold, and Villamayor-Tomas confirmed and refined these principles. The method uses them as a diagnostic checklist to assess and explain the robustness of commons institutions.	The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework is a general diagnostic language for studying how rules, physical conditions, and community attributes shape human interaction in any collective-action setting. Developed over decades by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues at the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, it places the action situation at its center: the social space where actors in positions take actions under given information, control, and payoffs to produce outcomes. The framework's organizing claim is that this action situation is structured by three sets of exogenous factors, the biophysical conditions, the attributes of the community, and the rules-in-use, and that analysts can explain and compare outcomes by examining how these factors configure the situation. Far from a single theory, the IAD framework is a multi-tier scaffolding into which specific theories and models can be slotted, which is why it has been applied to commons, public goods, federalism, and policy across many fields.