مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس جمع‌گرایی-فردگرایی	مقیاس جهت‌گیری سلطه اجتماعی
حوزه	روان‌شناسی اجتماعی	روان‌شناسی اجتماعی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1994	1994
پدیدآور	Theodore M. Singelis and Hazel R. Markus	Felicia Pratto, Jim Sidanius, Lisa Stallworth, and Bertram Malle
نوع	Self-report Likert scale	Self-report Likert scale
منبع بنیادین	Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 580–591.	Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social Dominance Orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741–763.
نام‌های دیگر	C-I Scale	SDO
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Collectivism-Individualism Scale is a self-report measure designed to assess individual differences in independent versus interdependent self-construal and cultural orientation toward individualism and collectivism. Developed by Singelis (1994) and refined through subsequent research by Triandis and colleagues, the scale operationalizes self-concept dimensions as independent (autonomous, unique) or interdependent (connected, embedded in relationships). It has become a fundamental tool for cross-cultural psychology research.	The Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SDO) is a self-report measure developed by Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, and Malle in 1994 to assess individual differences in preference for group-based hierarchy and inequality. The scale measures the extent to which individuals support dominance of some groups over others, reject egalitarianism, and accept hierarchical social organization. It has become central to social dominance theory and is widely used in political psychology and intergroup relations research.