مقایسهٔ روشها
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| آزمایش میدانی تصادفی خوشهای× | آزمایش تصادفی کنترلشده (RCT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | طراحی آزمایش | طراحی آزمایش |
| خانواده≠ | Process / pipeline | Hypothesis test |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1980s–1990s (formalized methodology) | 1948 |
| پدیدآور≠ | David M. Murray (group-randomized trials framework); applied broadly in public health and education research | James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948) |
| نوع≠ | Randomized experimental design | Interventional comparative study |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120424 | Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | CRFE, cluster-randomized trial in the field, group-randomized field experiment, community-randomized field experiment | RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı |
| مرتبط≠ | 4 | 7 |
| خلاصه≠ | A cluster randomized field experiment (CRFE) assigns intact groups — schools, villages, clinics, workplaces — rather than individuals to treatment or control conditions, and the experiment is conducted in real-world settings rather than a laboratory. Randomization at the group level controls for contamination between conditions while preserving the ecological validity of the natural environment. It is the dominant design for evaluating community-level, school-based, or workplace interventions in public health, education policy, and development economics. | A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010). |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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