مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمایش میدانی تصادفی خوشه‌ای	آزمایش میدانی فاکتوریل
حوزه	طراحی آزمایش	طراحی آزمایش
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1980s–1990s (formalized methodology)	1920s–1935 (Fisher's foundational work); widely applied through 20th century
پدیدآور	David M. Murray (group-randomized trials framework); applied broadly in public health and education research	Ronald A. Fisher (factorial principle); extended to field settings in agricultural and social sciences
نوع	Randomized experimental design	Experimental design
منبع بنیادین	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120424	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.
نام‌های دیگر	CRFE, cluster-randomized trial in the field, group-randomized field experiment, community-randomized field experiment	factorial design in the field, field factorial design, multi-factor field trial, factorial field trial
مرتبط	4	5
خلاصه	A cluster randomized field experiment (CRFE) assigns intact groups — schools, villages, clinics, workplaces — rather than individuals to treatment or control conditions, and the experiment is conducted in real-world settings rather than a laboratory. Randomization at the group level controls for contamination between conditions while preserving the ecological validity of the natural environment. It is the dominant design for evaluating community-level, school-based, or workplace interventions in public health, education policy, and development economics.	A factorial field experiment applies factorial experimental design — simultaneously manipulating two or more independent factors across all combinations of their levels — in a real-world field setting rather than a controlled laboratory. It allows researchers to estimate both main effects and interaction effects of multiple factors on an outcome under ecologically valid conditions, making findings directly relevant to practice.