مقایسهٔ روشها
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| طراحی آزمایشی گروه کنترل تصادفی خوشهای× | طرح آزمایشی پیشآزمون-پسآزمون× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | طراحی آزمایش | طراحی آزمایش |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1990s (formal methodology development) | 1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley) |
| پدیدآور≠ | Murray, D. M.; Donner, A. and Klar, N. (systematic formalization) | Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley |
| نوع≠ | Experimental design | Experimental / quasi-experimental research design |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340691533 | Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally. link ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | CRCT with control group, group-randomized trial, cluster RCT control group design, community randomized controlled trial | pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design |
| مرتبط≠ | 6 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | A cluster randomized control group experimental design randomly assigns intact groups (clusters) — such as schools, clinics, or communities — rather than individuals to treatment or control conditions. At least one cluster group receives no active intervention, serving as the control. This design is essential when individual randomization is impractical or contamination between participants in close proximity is likely. | The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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