مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نظریه داده‌بنیاد کلاسیک	قوم‌نگاری
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1967	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
پدیدآور	Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
نوع	Qualitative research method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
منبع بنیادین	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
نام‌های دیگر	Glaserian GT, CGT, original grounded theory, classic GT	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
مرتبط	6	5
خلاصه	Classic Grounded Theory (CGT) is a systematic qualitative methodology for generating substantive theory from empirical data. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, it uses iterative cycles of data collection, constant comparison, and memo writing to produce a core category and surrounding conceptual framework that explains a social or psychological process. Unlike its later variants, Glaserian CGT insists on emergence — theory must arise from data without forcing preconceived frameworks.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.