مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	نظریه داده‌بنیاد کلاسیک	پژوهش عملیاتی	نظریه داده‌بنیاد
حوزه	کیفی	پژوهش کیفی	پژوهش کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1967	1946	1967
پدیدآور	Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
نوع	Qualitative research method	Method	Method
منبع بنیادین	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine.	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.
نام‌های دیگر	Glaserian GT, CGT, original grounded theory, classic GT	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	GT, Grounded Theory Approach
مرتبط	6	1	3
خلاصه	Classic Grounded Theory (CGT) is a systematic qualitative methodology for generating substantive theory from empirical data. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, it uses iterative cycles of data collection, constant comparison, and memo writing to produce a core category and surrounding conceptual framework that explains a social or psychological process. Unlike its later variants, Glaserian CGT insists on emergence — theory must arise from data without forcing preconceived frameworks.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.