مقایسهٔ روشها
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| مقیاس مشارکت مدنی× | مقیاس اعتماد تعمیمیافته× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | جامعهشناسی سیاسی | جامعهشناسی سیاسی |
| خانواده | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1995–2008 | 1956–1994 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Cliff Zukin, Scott Keeter, Russell Dalton | Morris Rosenberg, Toshio Yamagishi |
| نوع≠ | Self-report questionnaire / Behavioral frequency | Self-report questionnaire |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Zukin, C., Keeter, S., Andolina, M., Jenkins, K., & Delli Carpini, M. X. (2006). A new engagement? Political participation, civic life, and the changing American citizen. Oxford University Press. link ↗ | Rosenberg, M. (1956). Misanthropy, political ideology, and political information. Public Opinion Quarterly, 20(2), 274-290. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | CES, Political Participation Scale | GTS, Trust in Strangers |
| مرتبط≠ | 4 | 5 |
| خلاصه≠ | The Civic Engagement Scale measures the extent and type of an individual's participation in civic, political, and community life. Rather than a single construct, it typically encompasses multiple dimensions: electoral participation (voting), political activity (contacting officials, campaign involvement), civic service (volunteering, organizational membership), and social participation (community meetings, neighborhood involvement). Developed by scholars including Zukin, Keeter, and Dalton, it captures how citizens actualize their democratic role. | The Generalized Trust Scale measures an individual's propensity to trust people in general, particularly strangers with whom they have no direct relationship. Originally developed by Morris Rosenberg in 1956 and later refined by Toshio Yamagishi and colleagues, it has become foundational in research on social capital, civic participation, and intergroup relations. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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